Any pressure below atmospheric pressure is called vacuum. The degree of vacuum is the degree below atmospheric pressure, which is usually expressed as a percentage or millimeter of water (or mercury). If the vacuum degree of a certain equipment is 80%, it means that the pressure in the equipment is changed to 20% of the atmospheric pressure, that is, when the atmospheric pressure is 1 kg / cm², the pressure in the equipment is 0.2 kg / cm². Therefore, when the degree of vacuum is expressed as a percentage, it indicates the degree to which the gas is extracted. When expressed in millimeters of water column, it indicates its residual pressure. If the vacuum in the device is 3x10-2 millimeters of water column, it means that the pressure in the device (that is, the residual pressure) is 3x10-2 millimeters of water column.
In chemical plants, certain production processes are often performed under atmospheric pressure, such as vacuum evaporation, vacuum distillation, and vacuum filtration.
In order to reach the vacuum, it is necessary to have a device that extracts the gas-a vacuum pump. Vacuum pumps can be roughly divided into reciprocating, rotary and jet pumps.
Reciprocating vacuum pump
The principle of the reciprocating vacuum pump and the reciprocating compressor are exactly the same, except that the air distribution mechanism, that is, the intake and exhaust valves are different. Spring valves are generally used in reciprocating compressors, and so-called slide valve air distribution mechanisms are mostly used in reciprocating vacuum pumps.
2.Water ring vacuum pump
Water ring vacuum pump is a kind of rotary vacuum pump. In addition to pumping gas, it can also be used for compressed gas. E.g
The maximum pressure of PMK-2 water ring vacuum pump exhaust gas can reach 1.5 kg / cm², so it is also called water ring compressor. This type of pump should avoid solid particles entering the pump body during operation.
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