显示标签为“Roots blower”的博文。显示所有博文
显示标签为“Roots blower”的博文。显示所有博文

2021年1月6日星期三

rotary vane vacuum pump installation method

Rotary vane vacuum pump should be placed horizontally. With the pump operation almost no oscillation, generally can not be fixed. There are metric screw holes on the damping pad at the bottom of the rotary vane vacuum pump to fix the pump. Do not push or pull the pump on the ground to avoid damaging the damping pad. In order to ensure excellent cooling of the rotary vane vacuum pump, the cooling air inlet and outlet of the pump should be more than 30cm away from the surrounding objects. 


In order to facilitate repair, it is proposed to leave 0.4m space in front of the air inlet and exhaust port of rotary vane vacuum pump. In order to facilitate the oil drain, the base with oil drain pan can be installed, and the pump delivered by rotary vane vacuum pump does not carry oil. After the installation, slowly inject the regular vacuum pump oil through the oil filling port to 3 / 4 of the oil window height.

The electrical connection of rotary vane vacuum pump and the electrical wiring of rotary vane vacuum pump should be carried out by professional electricians. It is necessary to check the rotation direction of the motor after the wiring of the three-phase asynchronous motor of the rotary vane vacuum pump is completed. The correct rotation direction of the motor is: from the fan end of the motor tail, the rotation direction of the motor shaft is counterclockwise.

When checking the rotation direction of rotary vane vacuum pump, the suction port should be turned over or covered with rubber plate (thickness over 4mm), and the power supply should be connected for 2 ~ 3 seconds. If the rotation direction is correct, you will feel strong suction or rubber plate tightly at the suction port. If it is reversed, adjust two of the three power lines arbitrarily.

Water Ring Vacuum Pump

Dry Scroll Vacuum Pump

industrial vacuum pumps,vacuum furnaces

Selection of water ring vacuum pump model

Try to select the standard with lower rotation speed. On the premise of reaching the same pumping volume, try to select the pump with lower rotation speed. The larger pump consumes less specific power, that is, higher power. In addition, the larger standard water ring vacuum pump has long blades (that is, long flow channel), small curvature of fluid, approximate straight streamline, and fluid activity is close to slow flow. 


Considering the influence of water temperature, the temperature of most make-up water is between 25 ℃ and 35 ℃. Therefore, when selecting pumps, the air volume should be appropriately increased compared with that in the technical documents. When installing pipelines, a thicker suction pipe should be selected to reduce the loss of resistance, and a right angle elbow should be cut as far as possible to improve the suction work The intention of the rate.

When the exhaust pressure is slightly positive, the influence of the increase of the exhaust pressure and the increase of the backflow in the pump cavity on the pumping volume should be considered. Because the increase of the exhaust pressure will increase the shaft power of the pump and the power of the driving machine, the experimental function curve and the corresponding skill data should be referred to in the selection to fully meet the requirements.

CL Sereis Cone Liquid Ring Vacuum Pump

Roots Blowers

Roots Vacuum Pump 

Negative pressure roots blower

Now many customers can't tell what is negative pressure roots blower, what is roots vacuum pump, what is vacuum pump and what is roots blower. They also made some mistakes during the acquisition. Now, to sum up the following points, in Roots blower profession, roots vacuum pump is what most people call negative pressure roots blower. Its principle is the same as roots blower. It belongs to volume reversal blower Machine. 


A reverse compressor which uses two blade rotors to make relative motion in the cylinder to compress and transport gas. The roots blower is simple in structure and easy to make. It is suitable for gas transportation and pressurization in low pressure occasions. Conceptually, roots blower is a kind of usage in vacuum pump. Positive pressure blowing is used with large air volume, which can not be completed by vacuum pump, such as water tank aeration, oxygen supply, powder transportation, etc.

There are several kinds of vacuum pumps, such as water ring vacuum pump, rotary vane vacuum pump, steam jet pump, molecular pump, reciprocating vacuum pump, fixed vane vacuum pump, slide valve vacuum pump, residual cycloid vacuum pump, roots vacuum pump, etc. the principle is to use the skewed rotor in the pump cavity to form the gas discharged from the pump after the volume change of rotation, mainly in the suction process.

When the volume of suction cavity increases, the vacuum degree decreases. When the gas in the container is sucked into the pump cavity, the volume becomes smaller and the pressure increases during the exhaust process. After all, the inhaled gas is discharged out of the pump through the oil seal. In terms of parameters, most of the vacuum degree of the vacuum pump is higher than that of the roots vacuum pump, and the suction volume is also larger than that of other roots vacuum pumps, so the negative pressure can be smaller than that of the roots vacuum pump.


Oil Free Vacuum Pump Selection

Rotary Vane Vacuum Pump

Dry Scroll Vacuum Pump

2021年1月5日星期二

Development of Roots vacuum pump performance

When roots vacuum pump works, rotor and rotor, rotor and pump body are not in contact with each other, so there is no direct wear. However, due to the small clearance (generally 0.10 ~ 0.25 mm), the transmission gear is worn after long-term operation. When the backlash is greater than the minimum clearance between rotors, it will collide and cause failure. At this time, the gear should be replaced. Through the performance of the practical application value ability of Roots vacuum pump, enhance the continuous promotion of the actual development ability of the product, further reflect the development advantage of the product strength with the reliable advantage level, expand the overall improvement of the practical performance, promote the improvement of the actual performance of all aspects of the product, improve the driving force of the practical performance of the product, and make it full use of the value strength of the overall development We should speed up the exertion of the advantage level of its product application, make use of its reliable practical performance, and enhance the embodiment of its product application level. 


At the same time, we should also speed up the improvement of the product advantage level of Roots vacuum pump, expand the exertion of the product application strength and the overall performance level, expand the continuous improvement of the overall application strength of the product, fully reflect the exertion of the product value strength, and further enhance the actual application advantage level with reliable product performance.

Water Ring Vacuum Pump

Dry Scroll Vacuum Pump

industrial vacuum pumps,vacuum furnaces

Closed loop system of liquid ring vacuum pump

It is different from single-stage and double-stage vacuum pumps. It is a single-stage vacuum pump and a double-stage vacuum pump. 


1. Separator pressure gauge: if pressure may be generated in the separator, a pressure gauge shall be installed on the separator;

2. Suction port vacuum check valve: in order to prevent backflow when the vacuum pump / compressor is shut down, it is generally necessary to install a vacuum check valve or pneumatic valve at the inlet of the pump;

3. Working fluid booster pump: if the working fluid supply of the pump is insufficient or the working pipeline resistance is large, the working fluid booster pump can be installed;

4. Air port filter: if foreign matters may enter the pump in the system and pipeline, a filter or filter screen shall be installed at the suction port of the pump;

5. Cavitation protection pipeline: if the suction pressure of the vacuum pump is close to the saturated vapor pressure of the working fluid, a cavitation protection pipeline should be installed between the vacuum pump and the separator;

6. Exhaust condenser: if it is necessary to capture or recover the condensable gas at the exhaust port, a condenser can be installed at the exhaust port of the gas-liquid separator;

7. Liquid replenishing port of separator: if the working fluid is insufficient, the working fluid can be replenished properly from the liquid replenishing port;

8. If the vacuum pump has other special requirements, the corresponding accessories can be installed.


Rotary Vane Vacuum Pump Working Principle

Rotary Vane Vacuum Pump

Dry Scroll Vacuum Pump 

2021年1月4日星期一

Radial exhaust water ring vacuum pump

The utility model discloses a radial exhaust water ring vacuum pump with controllable flow, which comprises a pump body, a first base plate, a second base plate and a base, the upper surface of the pump body is provided with a water tank, the interior of the water tank is provided with a blocking block, the first base plate is located at the left end of the pump body, and the interior of the first base plate is interspersed with an air outlet, the second base plate is located at the right end of the pump body, and the connecting block is arranged inside the water tank Springs are evenly distributed on the lower surface of the connecting plate, a cavity is arranged on the right side of the second base plate, a baffle is arranged above the pull ring, an air inlet is connected with the right end of the cavity, and the base is located below the pump body. 


The radial exhaust water ring vacuum pump with controllable flow can control the gas flow by rotating the baffle in the air inlet, and the filter plate can filter out the particles in the gas, so as to avoid the damage of the parts inside the pump body, and the pump body can be well protected by the extension and extension of the outrigger and the protective rod.

Water Ring Vacuum Pump

Dry Scroll Vacuum Pump

industrial vacuum pumps,vacuum furnaces

Mechanical seal screw vacuum pump with external cooling device

 The utility model discloses a mechanical seal screw vacuum pump with an external cooling device, which comprises two screw rotors and an input shaft driving the two screw rotors to rotate. The two ends of the screw rotor are provided with a mechanical seal, the extension of the input shaft and the atmospheric side are provided with a mechanical seal; the mechanical seal part is provided with a cooling cavity; the screw vacuum pump is provided with a device for taking away the heat of the mechanical seal The external cooling circulating device is a circulating circuit composed of oil tank, oil pump and oil separator. 


Compared with the prior art, the vacuum pump of the utility model adopts mechanical seal and forced circulation cooling, which completely blocks the leakage between the front of the pump and the cooling chamber as well as between the cooling chamber and the atmosphere; the external circulation cooling device forces the mechanical seal to cool down, with low working temperature and sufficient lubrication, which increases the service life and reliability of the overall transmission parts, and has the advantages of low energy consumption, good cooling effect and safe operation It is fully reliable.

Roots Blower In River Aeration Treatment

Rotary Vane Vacuum Pump

Dry Scroll Vacuum Pump

2021年1月3日星期日

dry vacuum pump structure and characteristics

Vacuum pump is a device or device that uses mechanical, physical, chemical or physicochemical methods to exhaust the pump to get vacuum. Dry vacuum pump users in the application of vacuum pump knowledge need to master the following structure and characteristics, hope to help you. 


The configuration of the vacuum pump body determines the overall structure of the pump. The entrance and exit are arranged in a horizontal and vertical structure for easy assembly and cable connection. However, the center of gravity of the pump is high, the stability of high-speed operation is poor, so this type is used for small pumps.

The horizontal pump is at the suction port and the exhaust port is below. The piping of the vacuum system is easy to install and connect, sometimes it can be discharged from the horizontal direction of the exhaust. That is to say, the exhaust directions are perpendicular to each other. At this time, in addition to the bypass valve at the other end of the exhaust pipe, the exhaust port can also be opened from left to right. The pump structure has low center of gravity and high speed stability. Generally speaking, large and medium pumps use this structure.

The two rotor shafts of the pump are installed perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The structure is easy to control the assembly clearance, the rotor is easy to install, and the pump area is small. However, the center of gravity of the pump is the height and the disassembly of the gear, and the lubrication mechanism is also very complex.

industrial vacuum pumps,vacuum furnaces

Rotary Vane Vacuum Pump

Dry Scroll Vacuum Pump

Power supply mode of water ring vacuum pump

Water ring vacuum pump needs power supply in use and can be used in power supply equipment normally, but the power supply method is different. The efficiency varies with the mode of power supply. Here we introduce the power supply mode. 


1. The water ring vacuum pump has a large specific gravity because the extraction medium is "water or liquid". The working medium of micro vacuum pump and micro air pump is "gas" with light specific gravity. Therefore, the working current of the vacuum pump is generally larger than that of the latter, about 1 ~ 10 amperes, but the working current of the latter is generally not from a few hundred milliamperes to a few amperes.

2. Battery is the general term of battery. The principle is different from the dry battery, because it can provide large current and power, so it is widely used in electric vehicles, cars and other mobile vehicles, agricultural spraying, field sampling and other power shortage.

3. The common dry battery (such as 1.5V No.1 battery) has large internal resistance and small current supplied by itself. Most of the voltage is consumed by internal resistance, so the voltage drop is fast. From the point of view of power and service time, it is suitable for the power supply of water supply ring vacuum pump.

Roots Vacuum Pump

Water Ring Vacuum Pump

Dry Scroll Vacuum Pump 

Roots air jet water ring vacuum unit

Jzj (P) roots air jet water ring vacuum unit is composed of Roots vacuum pump, air jet pump and water ring vacuum pump in series. The unit has high vacuum degree, high pumping efficiency, low noise, stable operation, compact structure, small floor area, simple operation and convenient maintenance. 


Jzj (P) roots air jet water ring vacuum unit can be widely used in vacuum distillation, material dehydration in pharmaceutical and chemical industries, vacuum impregnation in electrical industry, kerosene vapor phase drying, powder metallurgy sintering, freeze drying in food industry, etc. It is also suitable for the workplace with large amount of steam and fine dust.

Vacuum Pumps For Wear-Resistant Coating

CL Sereis Cone Liquid Ring Vacuum Pump

Roots Blowers

2020年12月30日星期三

The reason why single stage centrifugal pump can't pump water

Although the single-stage centrifugal pump has a certain degree of self-priming capacity, it is still necessary to ensure that the inlet pipe is completely sealed when it is installed. 


The reason why the centrifugal pump does not pump water may be that the user does not install it correctly. The correct installation and use of centrifugal pump suction pipe should be installed at the bottom of the pool bottom valve. Before starting, the whole pump body and inlet pipe must be filled with water. The outlet valve must be closed before starting, and then the outlet valve shall be opened slowly after opening the centrifugal pump. Each single-stage centrifugal pump has different self-priming performance according to different models. When choosing the model, you must know each single-stage centrifugal pump.

The reason why the single-stage centrifugal pump can not pump water may also be that the self-priming exceeds the effective self-priming height of the centrifugal pump. The self-priming head of conventional single-stage centrifugal pump is within 3M. If the height exceeds this height, self-priming centrifugal pump or high suction self-priming pump with vacuum auxiliary device must be used.

The reason why the single-stage centrifugal pump can not pump water may also be due to the blockage of debris in pump cavity, impeller, bottom valve, pipeline and other places. If the single-stage centrifugal pump is sealed and has leakage, it will also lead to the failure of pumping.


CL Sereis Cone Liquid Ring Vacuum Pump

Roots Blowers

Roots Vacuum Pump

Axial force of screw vacuum pump

The axial force of the screw vacuum pump may be caused by the uneven pressure on the suction and discharge ports, resulting in uneven pressure on both sides of the impeller, which is not completely symmetrical and produces axial force. But how to solve the axial force? 


Although we need to clean up the axial force of the screw vacuum pump, if we clean it thoroughly, the rotor will rotate unsteadily. Therefore, it is necessary to compensate the amount of 30 by bearing in the design, so that the bearing at the non driving end of reciprocating vacuum pump is usually angular contact bearing, because this method can be used to withstand higher axial force.

The general solution is to symmetrically install the balance disk and impeller of the screw vacuum pump, and the single-stage pump generally has a balance hole on the impeller. Secondly, there is a way to install balance blades on the impeller to balance the axial force.

Screw vacuum pump will be affected by many factors in the process of operation. Any small problems may affect the normal operation. Therefore, regular inspection and maintenance are needed to avoid problems and reduce efficiency.

Water Ring Vacuum Pump Structure

Rotary Vane Vacuum Pump

Dry Scroll Vacuum Pump

2020年12月29日星期二

Volume and application of liquid ring vacuum pump cavity

In the process of using liquid ring vacuum pump, it is a self-priming pump, and its products are gradually adopted by mining, chemical industry, light industry, petroleum and other industries. In the process of industrial production, there are many technological processes, such as vacuum water diversion, vacuum evaporation, vacuum moisture regain and so on. 


Liquid ring vacuum pump can be widely used, mainly because of the rapid development of its application technology. In the process of using the equipment, the gas compression in the water ring pump is isothermal, so it can pump out its explosive and flammable gas, and it can also pump out the gas containing water and dust in the process of using.

When the pump is equipped with a proper amount of impeller, it can be thrown into the water directly in the process of working.

The lower part of the water ring of the liquid ring vacuum pump is just tangent to the impeller, and the inner surface of the upper part of the water ring is just in contact with the top of the blade. At this time, a crescent shaped space will be directly formed between the water ring and the impeller, which is also equivalent to several small cavities.

In the process of using liquid ring vacuum pump, it mainly depends on the change of pump cavity volume to effectively realize the function of exhaust and suction. The structure of the equipment is relatively simple, and its accuracy requirement is not high in the process of production, so it is very easy to process.

Water Ring Vacuum Pump

Dry Scroll Vacuum Pump

industrial vacuum pumps,vacuum furnaces 

micro vacuum pump exhaust condition

If the micro pump can not pump water to the equipment effectively, it will need to be used in the process of low water pumping. 


The advantage of the micro vacuum pump in the process of using is that the equipment directly vacuumizes when it does not contact with water. After the vacuum is formed in the equipment, it needs to rely on the air pressure to pump up the water pressure, and then it starts to pump water. In the process of using, it may directly vacuumize because there is no water in the pump. After the vacuum is formed, it depends on the air pressure to pump up the water pressure, and then it is turned on Start pumping.

Micro vacuum pump in the process of pumping resistance, and then according to its judgment conditions to narrow the scope of selection, but in the process of using, we need to consider the problem of the exhaust end of the equipment in time, so as to better select the scope of its choice.

In the actual application process of micro vacuum pump, the exhaust condition faced by the equipment is different. One is that the exhaust is relatively smooth and directly to the atmosphere. The other is that the exhaust resistance is relatively large, such as valves, large damping sensors and other parts on the exhaust pipeline.

In the process of design and manufacture of modern micro vacuum pump, different exhaust conditions need to be treated differently. The exhaust port of the equipment allows a large resistance value. Such a parameter is to calibrate the exhaust capacity of the pump. In this way, strict technical means can be used to determine its type selection.

Welded Bellows Industry Application

Rotary Vane Vacuum Pump

Dry Scroll Vacuum Pump

2020年12月28日星期一

Talk about vacuum pump

Water ring vacuum pump (water ring pump) is a kind of coarse vacuum pump. The limit pressure it can obtain is 2.66-9.31kpa for single-stage pump and 0.133-0.665kpa for double-stage pump. Water ring pump can also be used as compressor, it belongs to low pressure compressor, its pressure range is (1 ~ 2) x105pa gauge pressure (under specific conditions). Water ring pump is widely used in many processes of petroleum, chemical, machinery, mining, light industry, papermaking, power, metallurgy, medicine, food and other industries, municipal and agricultural sectors, such as vacuum filtration, vacuum feeding, vacuum degassing, vacuum evaporation, vacuum concentration and vacuum moisture regain, etc Flammable, explosive gas, in addition to dust, water gas can be pumped, therefore, the application of water ring pump is increasing. 


Water ring pump is composed of impeller, pump body, suction and exhaust disc, water ring formed by water in the inner wall of pump body, suction port, exhaust port, auxiliary exhaust valve, etc.

Water Ring Vacuum Pump

Dry Scroll Vacuum Pump

industrial vacuum pumps,vacuum furnaces 

2020年12月27日星期日

Oil change of vacuum pump

Because the chemical or pharmaceutical process gas will contain flammable, explosive and corrosive gases to varying degrees, which is why the dry vacuum pump for us also needs special treatment. For the simple internal structure of dry screw vacuum pump, the two rotors and pump cavity should be treated with anti-corrosion. At this time, we should pay attention to the selection of nickel phosphorus coating and Teflon coating. 


Claw vacuum pump is more difficult to do anti-corrosion treatment, there is almost no way to do surface treatment between all levels of diaphragm, so the anti-corrosion coating on the rotor surface is relatively easy, and it will not be damaged during assembly. Oil free vortex vacuum pump is only suitable for pumping clean gas, at this time it can not pump flammable, explosive and corrosive gas.

When it comes to the oil change of vacuum pump equipment, we should pay attention to the oil change once after the vacuum pump equipment has been working continuously for three to six months. In areas with high humidity, the pump working in wet season, or the pump is heavily polluted by pumping gas. In this regard, to a large extent, we should pay attention to shortening the oil change time according to the specific situation Between.

When changing the oil of vacuum pump equipment, first of all, it is necessary to remove the vacuum system from the pump, then it is also necessary to pad up one end of the chassis motor, open the oil drain plug to drain the oil, rotate the vacuum pump, cover the exhaust port, so that all the dirty oil in the cavity is discharged from the oil drain port, and then add 100-500ml new oil from the air inlet port, continuously rotate for more than 5-10 revolutions, and clean the interior according to 3-5 After the special dirty oil is discharged, install the oil drain plug, level the pump, add new oil from the air inlet and oil filling hole respectively, and the oil change is completed.

Water Ring Vacuum Pump

Dry Scroll Vacuum Pump

industrial vacuum pumps,vacuum furnaces

2BV water ring vacuum pump type determination

To determine the model of 2BV water ring vacuum pump, we should first determine which series of pump to choose according to the process parameters of the device, the physical and chemical properties of the conveying medium and other parameters, combined with the structural characteristics and applicable station of our company's products; then determine the rated flow of 2BV water ring vacuum pump; thirdly, we should also determine its rated head; and then determine the 2BV water ring vacuum pump Rated motor. 


When determining the model of 2BV water ring vacuum pump, you should also check the type spectrum of the selected series of pumps, the corresponding flow and head in which model box. At this time, you can preliminarily determine the selected model. Usually, under different speeds, you may choose one model. For checking the performance curve of the initially selected model, check whether the NPSHr of the pump is consistent Meet the npsha requirements of the unit.

When selecting 2BV water ring vacuum pump, pay attention to check the performance curve and check whether the rated working point of the selected model falls in the high efficiency working area of the pump. The final model of 2BV water ring vacuum pump is determined by comprehensively comparing the efficiency, speed (the lower the speed, the longer the service life) and price of the pump.

CL Sereis Cone Liquid Ring Vacuum Pump

Roots Blowers

Roots Vacuum Pump

vacuum pump unit connection mode

When wiring the vacuum pump unit, it should be noted that half of the ring must be pressed with polyester insulating tape, 8-12 layers should be wrapped, and then two layers of plastic tape should be wrapped for strength; when wiring the vacuum pump unit, its cable copper core should be peeled out about 30-35mm long, and the copper wire should be wiped clean with emery cloth to make it bright, and the external connection should also be carried out Strip the copper wire of three core cable 30-35mm and clean it with emery cloth. 


For the wiring of vacuum pump unit, the three core cable and the copper wire stripped from the external cable will be inserted, and then a thin copper wire will be tied tightly according to the drawing, the remaining part will be cut off, and the scissors will be used to press flat to prevent hand binding. When wiring, the three wire ends of vacuum pump should be soldered firmly with solder, and the surface of the welding head should be smooth, without burr and false welding If the welding is firm or not smooth, the vacuum pump should be re welded until it meets the requirements.

For the wiring of vacuum pump unit, three wires must be wrapped together with plastic tape, and two layers shall be wrapped. The layer shall be more than 50 mm above the end of the insulation layer of each wire, and the second layer shall be more than 50 mm above the end of the layer. After wrapping, take a basin of cold water to soak the wrapped wire in water safely. After 12 hours, measure the insulation with a 500V megohmmeter, and the insulation shall not be less than 50 megohm, otherwise it shall be re wrapped until it reaches the required value So far.

Rotary Piston Vacuum Pump Used In Resin Infusion Industry

Rotary Vane Vacuum Pump

Dry Scroll Vacuum Pump

2020年12月25日星期五

Repair of corrosion and wear of water ring vacuum pump cavity

The water ring vacuum pump is evenly distributed on all surfaces of the equipment, while the latter only occurs locally. Such as pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion, intergranular corrosion, stress corrosion cracking, corrosion fatigue, hydrogen corrosion cracking, wear corrosion, delamination corrosion, etc. 


It is one of the effective anti-corrosion measures to use polymer composite repair material to carry out the surface organic coating anti-corrosion. Surface adhesion protection can be widely used in repairing and pre protecting the parts of abrasion, cavitation and corrosion. It has good chemical resistance, excellent mechanical properties and adhesive properties. Compared with the traditional pressure vessel welding repair, it has the characteristics of simple construction, low cost, safety performance and good repair effect.

Roots Vacuum Pump In Leakage Refrigeration System

Rotary Vane Vacuum Pump

Dry Scroll Vacuum Pump

2020年12月23日星期三

water ring vacuum pump selection standard

What is the selection standard of water ring vacuum pump? Many people are very confused, today for you to briefly introduce its selection criteria, I hope to help you. 


1. When the unit works, the vacuum degree is stable, the power consumption is small, and the motor power does not exceed 4kw.

2. The vacuum parameter design is reasonable, the vacuum degree and pumping speed can meet the production requirements. The new vacuum pump with low vacuum and large suction should be selected. The maximum vacuum degree of the pump should not be greater than 90%, and the maximum pumping speed should be greater than 25i / s.

3. High quality water ring vacuum pump has good cooling cycle and sealing device.

4. It is equipped with automatic dewater meter.

5. It has the advantages of flexible movement, easy maintenance and long service life.

Water Ring Vacuum Pump

Dry Scroll Vacuum Pump

industrial vacuum pumps,vacuum furnaces